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There are currently more than 850,000 people in the UK living with dementia. Of these, between 50 and 75 percent have Alzheimer’s. If current trends continue, the Alzheimer’s Society estimates that there could be 1,590,000 with dementia by 2040.
There are as yet no effective treatments for Alzheimer’s.
However, a team from the University of Delaware recently found a new clue that could have an impact on the progression of the disease.
The brains of humans with Alzheimer’s experience a buildup of a protein called amyloid beta.
This causes toxic effects in cells, resulting in reduced energy, fragmentation of the mitochondria — the powerhouse of the cell — and oxidative stress.
Alzheimer’s: The study found that worms given high amounts of B12 were paralysed at a slower rate (Image: GETTY)
Memory: The disease leads to memory loss and confusion (Image: GETTY)
In C. elegans, tiny soil-dwelling worms often used to study biology and disease, an accretion of amyloid beta causes paralysis within 36 hours of them reaching adulthood.
This was easily observed by the scientists as the worms stopped wriggling.
The team found that when fed with E. coli bacteria containing higher levels of vitamin B12, C. elegans were protected from this paralysing effect.
The groundbreaking study was explored during a piece for BBC Science Focus magazine titled, ‘Vitamin B12 could protect the brain against Alzheimer’s, wiggling worm study suggests’.
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Science: Researchers have been working for years to try and curb the diseases prevalence (Image: GETTY)
Professor Jessica Tanis, the lead researcher of the experiment, told the publication: “The read-out is black or white – the worms are either moving or they are not.
“When we gave vitamin B12 to the worms that were vitamin B12 deficient, paralysis occurred much more slowly, which immediately told us that B12 was beneficial.
“The worms with B12 also had higher energy levels and lower oxidative stress in their cells.”
Further study showed the team that the effect is only seen in the presence of a specific enzyme called methionine.
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Health latest: There are more than 850,000 people in the UK living with dementia (Image: GETTY)
C. elegans: The worms are often used to study biology and disease (Image: GETTY)
They also found that adding the vitamin to the worms’ diet only helped if they were deficient in B12 to begin with.
Supplementing healthy animals with the vitamin had no effect.
Prof Tanis added: “Right now, there is no effective treatment for Alzheimer’s disease.
“There are certain factors that you cannot change – you cannot change the fact that you age, and you cannot change a genetic predisposition to Alzheimer’s disease.
“But one thing you can control is what you eat.
Dementia: Some of the steps you can take towards reducing chances of developing dementia (Image: Express Newspapers)
Science Focus: The study was explored in the latest issue of the magazine (Image: BBC)
“If people could change their diet to affect the onset of disease, that would be fantastic.
“That’s something my lab is excited to continue to explore.”
Dr James Connell, Head of Translational Science at Alzheimer’s Research UK, who was not involved with the research, cautiously welcomed it.
He said: “The human brain is incredible, with more connections in it, known as synapses, than astronomers have estimated there are stars in the galaxy.
Reminyl: The medicine is used to treat cognitive decline in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (Image: GETTY)
“But this complexity makes diseases that cause dementia difficult to study, so using organisms like worms can be a great way for scientists to study disease.
“Research like this in worms helps understand the impact of a potential treatment and can help accelerate the development of drugs.
“Extensive research has been carried out into whether vitamin B12 without a pre-existing vitamin deficiency can protect against Alzheimer’s disease, with studies so far suggesting vitamin B12 supplements do not offer extra protection.
“While research in worms can support wider efforts to identify causes of disease and new treatments, clinical trials in people are the only way to find out if potential new approaches will improve people’s symptoms.”
You can subscribe to BBC Science Focus magazine here.
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